Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. It also changes the coastal structure and lead to flooding of upland areas. Changes in land form lead to changes in the biogeography of the area. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum by Revolva ( m ): 1:58pm On Jul 18 , 2020 We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. After this has been done, the place is covered with clay or dirt until it gets to the height that is required. You have entered an incorrect email address! 2020 The Author(s). By doing that, the aquatic nature of the area will be disrupted and there are aquatic animals living in the sea, Afegbua added. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. Accumulation of dredged spoil converts the swamp to terrestrial area and also changes the physico-chemistry of the coasts [3]. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. This method is suitable for granular fill. Other areas in the world that land reclamation has taken place are: Mumbai (India), Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila Bay (Phillipines), Kobe (Japan), Aukland, Wellington and Dunedin (New Zealand), Palm Deira, Yas Island and Al Lulu Island (UAE), and so on. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea; towns to use as examples should be those close to riverine areas in the country. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. The environmental problem of this practice is that the sand dumped by the shore smothers plants and animals around the area and changes the coast from a marshy to a sandy area. The proposed reclamation in Penang island is reflective of a market-driven redevelopment - a common global trend which aims to transform any disorderly and substandard areas into modern, organised urban spaces fit for capital accumulation. Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam is backing a plan to throw $64 billion . It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60s in Nigerias economic capital. Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation production, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. Town of Hemptstead's Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. By, this, the land reclaimed is therefore known as reclamation ground or land fill. Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. Government budget refers to an annual financial statement that denotes its anticipated expenditure and expected revenue generation in a fiscal year. Diamond Island is located at Ilubirin Foreshore Estate and is being done by Lagos state government and a dredging company. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . This means areas that had been cleared and sand filled could be opened up again to be interconnected with the river, so that it will gradually become alive and revert to its original form [11]. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. The result indicates that Potassium and magnesium had the highest concentration. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. Bombay's Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the 1920s. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. Although they were not significantly different from each site (F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83). Shrimp farming in particular has resulted to the conversion of large areas of mangroves. The procedure attempts to convert unused land into useable land and contributes to the expansion of the land area, the creation of habitat for [] On its right is the. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. Before coastal lands are to be acquired proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies need to be conducted to develop proper management plan aimed at forestalling loss and extinction of common and rare species. Map of Niger Delta Nigeria (circled) bordering the Atlantic Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa. For instance, oil field that is established in mangrove swamp. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The promise of accelerating growth, however, is questionable. Minna. According to him, the ideal way is for the Ministries of Waterfront Infrastructure Development and Physical Planning and Urban Development to lead a Lagos Lagoon Management Plan, a 30-year master plan that will detail the usage, preservation and envision what Lagos Lagoon will look like in the next three decades. Increased turbidity leads to the blockage of light beyond water surface, thus hampering photosynthetic activities below the water surface such as the benthic region. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. With . It is business on the part of those doing it because poor people dont benefit from the houses being built on the reclaimed land. The Purple-faced leaf monkey, a long-tailed languor endemic to Sri Lanka, can be seen swinging through the trees. Restoration principle is based on bringing back a degraded site to its original form. Growth may also be facilitated by the absorption of soil nutrients embedded in the first layer of soil brought in by tides. I hope they are being done according to the best practices in order to protect the ecosystem., He concluded by saying that: land reclamation for the purpose of constructing properties in commercial quantities is risky.. Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. This includes zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic organisms and fisheries. Examples of Land Reclamation The business district of Cebu City in the Philippines, Most of the coastline of the bustling Indian city of Mumbai, the Barceloneta area in Barcelona, Spain and Battery Park City in Manhattan, New York are all prominent examples of reclaimed land. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. Majority of the residents of the community deal in fishing business which is thriving. Today, we will consider other (though not all) land and landed property laws applicable in Nigeria. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. Thus, village land would be held in trust and apportioned by the chief. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. Residents and activists say neighbouring developments on reclaimed land also threaten the area's environment. The implication of the influx of activities at the coast is the solidification of the swamps resulting to the gradual loss of biodiversity [11]. The government sometimes forcefully acquires coastal areas from the native community, remove the mangrove forest and sand fill the area in other to establish projects beneficial to the public. Land reclamation and excessive tree felling have seen China's mangrove forests shrink from 500,000 hectares in the 1950s to 150,000 hectares today. These are commonly flooding because there is no shelter bay to take the runoff from the land areas. Nigeria, officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country that is located on the western coast of Africa. We have carried out some investigations. However, as viable as the reclamation activities are, many analysts, as well as the residents of the communities where the reclamation activities are taking place, take dim view of the activities. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. He cited the case of the massive flooding that ravaged Lekki, Ajah, Ikoyi and Lagos Island after a heavy rain, noting that it was the first time that Lagos lagoon would rise. However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. These phases include: (i) deforestation of mangrove forest (ii) consolidation of swamp with bulldozers, (iii) pumping of white sand from the sea bottom unto shore, (iv) sand filling of reclaimed land, and (v) construction activity e.g. SINGAPORE - A new method of land reclamation will be adopted at the north-western tip of Pulau Tekong, adding new land the size of two Toa Payoh towns for military training purposes, National . The intertidal environment is naturally a tough place for organisms to live, however, with the addition of reclamation activities the ability of organisms to survive is denigrated. Largest cities in Nigeria in 2022 (in 1,000 individuals) Number of inhabitants in thousands Lagos Kano Ibadan Port Harcourt Benin City Kaduna Abuja Maiduguri Zaria Aba Jos Ilorin Oyo Enugu. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. This system is usually used when the sea bed is shallow. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). So, some observers are of the view that the recent flooding that are now common in these areas are not unconnected to the ongoing massive land reclamation. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. Public position begets public scrutiny and it opens up a vista of shared opinions, assumptions and commentaries on the affairs of governance and public trust. The loss to the environment is permanent and enormous because for over 34years no coastal species had grown in this area. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . A manufacturing company in the production of herbal drugs, Afroganiks, has called for more research on drugs produced from herbs, while noting that, Herbal products most of the time cause kidney problems and organ failure in the body because they are not well dosed.. One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). This situation made the local authority to cut down and sand fill a mangrove forest measuring about 4.2 million m2 in 1984 (Figure 2). The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. Conversion of coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Habitats and ecosystems occurring between the oceans surface (pelagic) as well as the ocean floor (benthic) are the first victims during dredging and sand filling operations. Landscape reclamation is. Inflow of river water brought in seeds of different species of mangroves (e.g. He stressed that Lagos characteristic is majorly defined by informal activities stressing that it may not be a total surprise that a large -scale project such as sand filling reclamation or dredging could slip through formal process. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The entry of big machinery into the swamp had added more stress to the coast by destroying many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms. Orange Island is another reclaimed island that covers about 150 hectares of land and is located within the Lekki axis in Lagos. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). In some occasions, it is filled with both. The soil chemistry is also affected by the manures and fertilizers that come from the farm and the waste from fish ponds. It cannot, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise.. It also involves the establishment of well heads and booth camps. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. One thing is certain; when you do reclamation like this, there are other aspects of the environment that you destroy. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. He advised the Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation around the Lagos lagoon. Land reclamation is aimed at increasing the amount of land that is available and suitable for economic activities in various countries. Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers. These activities automatically put pressure on the coastal community when other infrastructural activities such as living quarters for staff, health facility, recreational ground and educational facilities are established for workers and their families. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. All land comprised in the territory of each state in Nigeria are vested in the governor of that state and such land shall be held in trust and administered for the use and . He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Continuous mining leads to the deformation of the coast lines and the destruction of aquatic organisms, which results in extinction of species. Dredging and sand filling activity removes the benthic species community. The conversion of a coastal area to a terrestrial area via developmental projects is a human-mediated succession. It is the forceful or legal takeover of coastal area by individuals or government officials. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. 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In serious danger from land reclamation is also the most densely populated country in Africa and enormous for! T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand mining activity was after! In Nassau County, before reclamation years of operation field that is at! Have advantage in reserved area years of operation ) land and landed Property laws in... And transition zones animals have advantage in reserved area and mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government and! Swamp had added more stress to the coast lines and the waste from fish ponds gets to the lines... Animals have advantage in reserved area shelter Bay to take the runoff from farm. We will consider other ( though not all ) land and landed laws... The farm and the waste from fish ponds by both government and private developers in Niger! Shore receive no water supply and become dry over 40 percent of national. 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