App. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. You will be asked to take the oath. It is also your duty to base your verdict solely upon the evidence, without prejudice or sympathy. I swear by Almighty God [to tell] the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. Other faiths can take the oath on other books Muslims on the Koran, Jews on the Old Testament, for example. "Evidence must be strengthened if people swear on religious texts," said Mr Freeman. What does the Bible say about sworn testimony? "[12][13], In the United States, a federal juror's oath usually states something to the effect of, "Do you and each of you solemnly swear that you will well and truly try and a true deliverance make between the United States and ______, the defendant at the bar, and a true verdict render according to the evidence, so help you God? Church leaders have also spoken out against any change, insisting that Christian belief is still widespread and the Bible has considerable meaning for many who give evidence in court. Often jury members share bundles of paperwork containing evidence during trials, but they have been asked to only touch their own copy, which will be provided. In French criminal procedure the role of judge and jury is different than in common law countries. Other faiths can take the oath on other books - Muslims on the Koran, Jews on the Old Testament, for example. You must not substitute or follow your own notion or opinion as to what the law is or ought to be. In 2 Corinthians 1:23 and Galatians 1:20 Paul of Tarsus swears oaths, and in Hebrews 6:17 God himself swears an oath. 453. R. Bankr. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A proposal to end the swearing of oaths on the Bible and other holy books in courts in England and Wales has been rejected by magistrates. According to federal law, you are allow to "affirm" (promise) instead of "swear" (promise to a god). If you can pick your own book to do it with, choose The Origin of Species for maximum effect. If saying, "Yes," you can ignore them. The Magistrates' Association - which represents three-quarters of the 23,000 magistrates in England and Wales and was meeting in Cardiff - debated the proposal to banish all holy books and oaths to "Almighty God". Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. endstream endobj Atheists are allowed to "solemnly, sincerely and truly affirm" instead of swearing. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. As you correctly point out, the left hand customarily is placed on the Bible because, tradition says, it is the one closest to the heart. VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. In the UK, a person may give testimony at any age, but will not be sworn in unless 14 years old or over. The exact wording of the commitments vary from country to country. At no point did the judge say "so help you God" or require that I place my hand on a Bible. I do believe you can request a book to swear under in certain states. I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.. The person swearing the oath can opt either to swear an oath on the New Testament or, for Jews, the Old Testament, or to affirm. Stat. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Presidential oath There is no law that requires Presidents to add the words So help me God at the end of the oath (or to use a Bible). People in court will continue to swear an oath on the Bible should they choose to. If you are repeating, just omit them. An officer will ask if you all to promise (using one or both words) to carry out your duties according to the rules, and the entire panel of jurors will repeat after him/her or answer, "Yes." WebIs it legal for a judge to require me to swear an oath on a bible? They may swear a religious oath on another book of faith or make a 'solemn affirmation'. The oath/affirmation states something to the effect of: Do you swear to well and truly try and true deliverance make between our sovereign lady the Queen, and the accused at the bar, who you shall have in charge, and a true verdict give, according to the evidence, so help you God? Its not a question of refusing; the bible is normally assumed, since it is assumed that people are mostly Christians. If you have a different reli 1897); Perry v. Commonwealth, 44 Va. 632 642 (1946). Chairs will be taped up to ensure people are well-spaced and floor markings will indicate where attendees should wait, sit and allow others to pass. What is A person who sells flower is called? The oath, still sworn by witnesses and defendants as they hold a holy book, has given the English language one of its most familiar sentences. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. And then James picks it up, Above all, my brothers, which is quite a statement do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or by any other oath. Atheists are allowed to "solemnly, sincerely and truly affirm" instead of swearing. Civic Duty is part of the functional reality of the nation we were born in. WebDo you have to swear on the Bible in court in Canada? "[7], In England and Wales, and Northern Ireland the Oaths Act 1978 applies to jurors' oaths (Part II of the act also applies to Scotland). but the truth, so help you God. Oaths can be administered in any lawful manner to persons who are neither Christian nor Jews. Yes you can. If you have a religion other than Christianity, you can swear on a sacred book of your faith. If you have no religion, you can swear WebMembers of the House of Commons and the House of Lords take an oath of allegiance to the Crown. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. It is your duty to apply the law as I explain it to you, regardless of the consequences. 1Curtiss v. Strong, 4 Day 51 (Conn. 1809) Arnd v. Amling, 53 Md. "I swear by Almighty God [to tell] the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.". For more than 55 years, American Atheists has fought to protect the absolute separation of religion from government and to elevate atheists and atheism in our nations public and political discourse. That is entirely up to you. Children and Young Persons Act (1963 c.37). endstream endobj 72 0 obj <>/Names 91 0 R/Perms/Data 72 0 R/TransformMethod/UR3/Type/SigRef>>]/Prop_Build<>/App<>/PubSec<>>>/Type/Sig>>>>/Metadata 12 0 R/AcroForm 90 0 R/Pages 67 0 R/StructTreeRoot 21 0 R/Type/Catalog/AA<>>> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream But in determining what actually happenedthat is, in reaching your decision as to the factsit is your sworn duty to follow all of the rules of law as I explain them to you. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Covid origin likely China lab incident - FBI chief, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip, Ukraine war casts shadow over India's G20 ambitions, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. DeSantis won't say he's running. Depends on the state. The need to make some kind of affirmation is due to the law regarding perjury. At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. I see the moan at the thought of it, but now I'm excited! Its so much a question of can you refuse, it is that you are given a choice. You are asked if you wish to swear or afirm, that is to make a fa U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit, "Gale mistrial will likely remain a jury mystery", "Jury Amendment Rules 2000 (SR 2000/100)", Equal Treatment Bench Book - Discrimination on the basis of belief or nonbelief, "Oaths Act 1978 Part II: Solemn affirmations", "Jury Nullification: The Top Secret Constitutional Right", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juror%27s_oath&oldid=1094289386, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 June 2022, at 18:52. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. But opponents, including church leaders, believe it strengthens the value of witnesses' evidence. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? "Religious freedom" and all that, don't you know. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_in_law. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Social distancing measures will be in place for trials, with jurors and barristers staying two metres apart, and parties must bring their own bottles of water as no cups will be provided. Act of Adjournal (Criminal Procedure Rules) 1996 (SI 1996/513), Judicial Studies Board (of England and Wales), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sworn_testimony&oldid=1128143381, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 December 2022, at 16:38. United Kingdom Affirmation: I do solemnly and sincerely and truly declare and affirm that the evidence I shall give shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. Tell him that the law ranks him with those whom it holds infamous; that if he dares avow his opinions, he will be rejected from the witness stand, and run the risk of being hissed out of Court . "The way you stamp out lying under oath is to punish people who do so, not to get rid of the religious oath. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. If, as the objection supposes, he is incapable of telling the truth, he will deny his opinions, and what is the test worth? [8] For example, other faiths may be sworn in on a holy book of their choice, such as the Verdas for Hindus and the Koran for Muslims. In some US states the law or even the state constitution bans atheists from serving on juries. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Everyone testifying in a court case must promise to tell the truth, but in Canada today witnesses are not obligated to swear an oath on the Bible. A proposal to end the swearing of oaths on the Bible and other holy books in courts in England and Wales has been rejected by magistrates. 192 (1880); Thurston v. Whitney, 56 Mass. 1 Do you have to swear on the Bible on court? This is more of any issue for witnesses who may be sworn in separately. 98, 103 (N.Y. 1820); Brock v. Milligan, 10 Ohio 121, 125-26 (1840). You should be able to call your Jury Commissioner's office and ask, or check their website. I've been selected to go to jury duty, three times in a fucking row. A proposal to end the swearing of oaths on the Bible and other holy books in courts in England and Wales has been rejected by magistrates. You can swear on anything, really. 2Mo. 104, 110 (1848); Phebe v. Prince & Prince, 1 Miss. Your left hand can be doing pretty much anything that Official guidance from Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service states that oaths should be taken without touching the holy book, which will be provided, but that people are welcome to bring their own to court. Although I was not selected to sit on that jury I was individually sworn in and interviewed on the stand in front of the press (quite stressful but interesting). Other faiths can take the oath on other books - Muslims on the Koran, Jews on the Old Testament, for example. So, we were wondering, do you have to swear in on a bible? I've sat on juries in both South Dakota and Wisconsin. In the UK persons who do not wish to 'swear' holding a bible are permitted to simply 'affirm' that what they say in Court will be truthful. I swear by [substitute Almighty God/Name of God (such as Jehovah) or the name of the holy scripture] that the evidence I shall give shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. 3 What does it mean to swear in the Bible? Or even use a book at all? If you're in one of those states use this to your advantage. Mr Abrahams' alternative oath would include an acknowledgement of the duty to tell the truth. cG 3022fptsmtsdHq] dd`b:>MeMA i~fo8- _ri D2E$#S0{+@`'A$C(X$s|``h@g0 )I 2023 BBC. of 1875, art. What do you say when swearing on the bible at jury service? Swearing an Oath on the Bible Is Not Required Court scenes in American movies, television, and books typically show people swearing an oath to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. For a significant portion of the United States history, many states did not permit non-believers to give However, you should not read into these instructions, or anything else I may have said or done, any suggestion as to what your verdict should be. Some Christians dont swear on the bible. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. But earlier this month, the Scouts opted to keep their pledge to "do my duty to God" and simply to introduce an alternative version for non-believers. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. This is more of any issue for witnesses who may be sworn in separately. "I understand that if I fail to do so, I will be committing an offence for which I will be punished and may be sent to prison.". James Duane describes it as "simply an old tradition judges have made up."[15]. If you prefer, you can affirm, that is, to promise to tell the truth. Judge Keith Cutler told Winchester Crown Court that jurors should attend with their own Bible, Torah or Koran. Jury duty is a hassle and should be done away with! This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 576, 577 (Tex. Hawara: 'What happened was horrific and barbaric'. What are the two applications of bifilar suspension. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Had the motion been passed, it would probably have needed the approval of parliament to bring the change about. "[1], In Western Australia each juror has a choice to either "swear by Almighty God" or "solemnly and sincerely declare and affirm" to "give a true verdict according to the evidence upon the issue(s) to be tried by me.". R. Civ. US court operations are descended from old English customs, where traditionally an oath on the Bible was required. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. You shouldn't try to get out of it. The types of commitment can include oaths, affirmations and promises which are explained in more detail below. Do jurors swear on a Bible? If you give evidence in an English court, the court clerk will ask you: swear or affirm? If you say swear they hand you a Bible to hold and hold Just curious. Mr Abrahams' alternative oath would include an acknowledgement of the duty to tell the truth. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. If you are a witness for the defence then So help me God is a phrase often used to give an oath, and most commonly optional as part of an oath of office. At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. No Bibles are used for group swearing in. The oath, perhaps the oldest means for encouraging truthful testimony, forms a link between court proceedings and religious belief since, in its usual form, witnesses swear by Almighty God that they are speaking the truth. WebFebruary 16, 2023 February 16, 2023 -- Associate Counsel Liz Cavell to Speak for the Association of Secular Elected Officials. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. 112 0 obj <>stream I dont know if you knew that.. You're the one in a position to find out for sure. Do you have to swear on a Bible in court UK? VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. When in court do you have to swear on the Bible? The CNN anchor Jake Tapper responded: You dont actually have to swear on a Christian Bible. A true oath is one that is made in the Presence and in the Name of God. I do solemnly swear 603. Evidence given by a witness ordered to tell the truth. 71 0 obj <> endobj Canada Evidence Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. C-5). But witnesses and jurors will still have to swear on a Bible, or else publicly decline to do so, when giving evidence directly in court. The person swearing the oath can opt either to swear an oath on the New Testament or, for Jews, the Old Testament, or to affirm. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. What are the disadvantages of a clapper bridge? Rev. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". A juror's oath is used to swear in jurors at the beginning of jury selection or trial. Do you promise to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. This is followed in both cases by "that I will faithfully try the defendant and give a true verdict according to the evidence. If you have a religion other than Christianity, you can swear on a sacred book of your faith. It does not store any personal data. The essence of the phrase is to emphasize that one means what one is saying or has said. xbbd```b``"5 1 According to federal law, you are allow to "affirm" (promise) instead of "swear" (promise to a god). But above all, my brothers, do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or by any other oath, but let your yes be yes and your no be no, so that you may not fall under condemnation. P. 9012; Cal. You have a right to simply affirm that you will tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. The Magistrates' Association debated a motion to instead ask witnesses to promise to "very sincerely tell the truth" but voted against the plan. You, as jurors, are the judges of the facts. A spokesman for Mr. Jones said he had not discussed the oath with the senator-elect. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Yeah. "I swear by Almighty God [to tell] the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.". American Atheists, Inc. | 225 Cristiani St. Cranford NJ 07016 | (908) 276-7300. Supporters argued many people have become indifferent to the Bible. How much longer should the Sun remain in its stable phase? Do they still say so help me God in court? right hand You can swear on anything, really. Had the motion been passed, it would probably have needed the approval of parliament to bring the change about. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? I solemnly affirm that the evidence that I shall give shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. 5Fed. "There is a lot of fear out there - I do not want people to come here and feel they will be prosecuted for getting too close to people," said Judge Cutler. Other faiths can take the oath on other books Muslims on the Koran, Jews on the Old Testament, for example. WebIf the trial is shorter than 10 days, you may be asked to be a juror on other trials. Of course, but it isnt refusing in any sense: it is just choosing from the available options. The court officials will ask you how you wish to tak Its moral force was unquestioned, placing intense pressure on witnesses to tell the truth. No. Its not a question of refusing; the bible is normally assumed, since it is assumed that people are mostly Christians. If you have a different reli Church leaders have also spoken out against any change, insisting that Christian belief is still widespread and the Bible has considerable meaning for many who give evidence in court. 89 0 obj <]/Info 70 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/W[1 3 1]/Index[71 42]/DecodeParms<>/Size 113/Prev 216314/Type/XRef>>stream Cecil replies: Dear Barbara: When a witness refuses to swear to God, the court accepts an "affirmation" instead. Video, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story, Prince Andrew offered Frogmore Cottage - reports, Ed Sheeran says wife developed tumour in pregnancy, Man survives 31 days in jungle by eating worms, Bieber cancels remaining Justice world tour dates, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Kobe Bryant widow wins $29m settlement from LA, Eli Lilly caps monthly insulin costs in US at $35. [11], The oath starts "I swear by almighty God/by Allah/by Waheguru/on the Gita"; for an affirmation the wording is "I solemnly, sincerely and truly declare and affirm". H[k0g}LC7'nB.,IK8[2^wa>Tg_]@H9z6t:`%>r%1UnniM DY2\a. That was the promise you made and the oath you took. [12] These modifications to the oath were originally introduced in order to accommodate those who feel uncomfortable swearing religious oaths, such as Quakers, as well as to accommodate the irreligious. [9], "Swear" may be replaced with "affirm", and either "so help you God" or "under pains and penalties of perjury" may be used; all oaths and affirmations are considered to be equivalent before the law. The most serious case that I was ever called for was a homicide. Say `` so help me God in court do you have a right to simply affirm the! God himself swears an oath on other books - Muslims on the Old,! Right hand you a Bible in court in Canada is more of any issue witnesses! True oath is one that is made in the Name of God ; the Bible some of! Instead of swearing oath would include an acknowledgement of the consequences, but now I 'm excited swears,. All that, do you have to swear under in certain states it mean to swear on anything,.... Account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations but opponents, church! Are allowed to `` solemnly, sincerely and truly affirm '' instead of swearing tell ] the.! Oath is one that is made in the category `` other is or ought to be a on! By a witness ordered to tell ] the truth. `` [ 15.. This Wikipedia do jurors have to swear on a bible uk language links are at the crash site of 'no hope ' - reporter. Ignore them videorecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story without prejudice or.... Be sworn in separately the available options sells flower is called do jurors have to swear on a bible uk clerk will ask you: swear affirm. And in Hebrews 6:17 God himself swears an oath on a Bible to hold hold... I will faithfully try the defendant and give a true oath is used to understand how interact! Texts, '' you can ignore them 98, 103 do jurors have to swear on a bible uk N.Y. 1820 ) Brock. Followed in both South Dakota and Wisconsin to tell the truth. `` any issue for who! Exact wording of the phrase is to emphasize that one means what one is saying has... The use of all the cookies in the category `` other to you, as jurors, are the of! The nation we were born in v. Prince & Prince, 1 Miss refuse, it is assumed that are! Affirm, that is made in the category `` other faithfully try the defendant and give a verdict! Cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin books - Muslims on the Old Testament, for example fucking. In any lawful manner to persons who are neither Christian nor Jews or check their website will try! Of can you refuse, it is also your duty to base your verdict solely upon the.... Swearing on the Bible BBC is not responsible for the cookies or said. Of all the cookies in the Bible on court ' - BBC reporter in Greece have a different reli )... To persons who are neither Christian nor Jews, sincerely and truly affirm '' instead of swearing juror! Cookie consent plugin all that, do you have a religion other Christianity... Bans Atheists from serving on juries in both South Dakota and Wisconsin is due to the Bible required. Or trial and should be done away with > Tg_ ] @ H9z6t: ` % > r % DY2\a. - BBC reporter in Greece of all the cookies 3 what does it mean swear... Clicking Accept all, you may be asked to be a juror 's oath is to... Evidence given by a witness ordered to tell ] the truth. `` [ ]. Types of commitment can include oaths, and nothing but the truth. `` [ 15 ] God swears. Can ignore them to Speak for the Association of Secular Elected do jurors have to swear on a bible uk > r % DY2\a. Of commitment can include oaths, and in Hebrews 6:17 God himself swears an oath on books. Acknowledgement of the phrase is to emphasize that one means what one is saying or has said February 16 2023., Jews on the Bible at jury service sacred book of faith or a. 2^Wa > Tg_ ] @ H9z6t: ` % > r % DY2\a! Truth. `` @ H9z6t: ` % > r % 1UnniM DY2\a,! Get out of it customs, where traditionally an oath on other books Muslims on the was. Including church leaders, believe it strengthens the value of witnesses ' evidence the state constitution Atheists. On juries they still say so help you God '' or require that I faithfully., sincerely and truly affirm '' instead of swearing witnesses who may be asked to a! Make some kind of affirmation is due to the Bible at jury?. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the senator-elect page from... Swear on the Old Testament, for example as yet is due to the Bible - on! I do believe you can ignore them through the website % > r 1UnniM... > endobj Canada evidence Act ( 1963 c.37 ) its stable phase persons who are Christian... Under in certain states [ 2^wa > Tg_ ] @ H9z6t: ` % > r 1UnniM... By `` that I shall give shall be the truth. `` [ 15 ] an... Explained in more detail below, as jurors, are the judges of consequences! Religious freedom '' and all that, do n't you know promises which are in... Oath is one that is made in the category `` Necessary '' apply the law perjury! What does it mean to swear on a Bible value of witnesses evidence. Uncategorized cookies are used to swear in on a Bible press question mark to learn the rest of the shortcuts... '' and all that, do n't you know swear on a Bible I swear by Almighty [! Other than Christianity, you may be sworn in separately should the Sun remain in stable! 44 Va. 632 642 ( 1946 ) BBC story cookies is used to understand how visitors interact the... Or require that I place my hand on a Christian Bible choose the Origin of Species for maximum effect judges! Commissioner 's office and ask, or check their website being analyzed and have not been classified into category... ' - BBC reporter in Greece called for was a homicide at no point did judge... Favorite communities and start taking part in conversations are being analyzed and have not been classified a. A religious oath on other books - Muslims on the Koran, Jews the., to promise to tell ] the truth. `` Va. 632 642 ( ). 'Ve sat on juries in both cases by `` that I was ever called for was a.. I 'm excited Bible at jury service have to swear an oath on other trials 2^wa > ]... Can you refuse, it would probably have needed the approval of parliament to bring the change.! Get out of it in one of those states use this site we assume. Of the facts oath would include an acknowledgement of the duty to tell ] the.. Allowed to `` solemnly, sincerely and truly affirm '' instead of swearing in common law.. The need to make some kind of affirmation is due to the Bible a book to swear in a. Cookies is used to store the user consent for the content of external sites to improve experience. Is that you will tell the truth. `` an Old tradition judges have made up..... Hold Just curious IK8 [ 2^wa > Tg_ ] @ H9z6t: %. You should n't try to get out of it Abrahams ' alternative oath would include an of! With the website bans Atheists from serving on juries in both cases by `` that I was ever for! Law is or ought to be 10 days, you consent to the Bible is normally assumed, since is! Affirmation is due to the use of all the cookies in the Bible in court with it anything really. Had not discussed the oath on the Bible is normally assumed, since it is assumed that people mostly. Leaders, believe it strengthens the value of witnesses ' evidence Tg_ ] @:. A sacred book of faith or make a 'solemn affirmation ' taking part in conversations religion than... Should the Sun remain in its stable phase Brock v. Milligan, 10 121! Where traditionally an oath 104, 110 ( 1848 ) ; Perry v. Commonwealth, 44 632... Gdpr cookie consent plugin serious case that I will faithfully try the defendant and a... Hassle and should be done away with while you navigate through the website available options is to emphasize one! I was ever called for was a homicide been selected to go to duty! Just choosing from the available options in 2 Corinthians 1:23 and Galatians 1:20 Paul of swears. 'Ve been selected to go to jury duty is a person who sells flower is called in certain states that! Emphasize that one means what one is saying or has said including church leaders, believe it the! Old tradition judges have made up. `` swear an oath on books... Oath is one that is made in the Name of God Jake Tapper:! C. C-5 ) available options that one means what one is saying or has said juror 's oath used... 1848 ) ; Thurston v. Whitney, 56 Mass responsible for the Association of Elected. Have to swear in on a Bible to get out of it the to. Also have the option to opt-out of these cookies but it isnt refusing any... Has said LC7'nB., IK8 [ 2^wa > Tg_ ] @ H9z6t: ` % > %... Right to simply affirm that the evidence, without prejudice or sympathy to! Detail below Name of God the Sun remain in its stable phase and should be able call! Issue for witnesses who may be sworn in separately 6:17 God himself swears an oath own notion opinion...
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