https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127621.t001, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127621.t002. A new species of deep-sea yeti crab, Kiwa araonae, is described from a hydrothermal vent field, Mujin (“Misty Harbor”), at a depth of about 2000 m on the Australian-Antarctic Ridge (AAR), Southern Ocean.The Mujin vent field (62°11.79′S), in a large, unexplored gap in the Circum-Antarctic Ridge system, is the most southern record for a yeti crab to date. A species of Kiwa, visually resembling K. tyleri, has been reported from the Southwest Indian Ridge, in close proximity to active vents [7,11]. 2015;1: 109–116. A) Individual male Kiwa tyleri at the orifice of a "black-smoker" fluid exit on the "Dog's Head" Chimney complex [1,6], E2 vent field; B) Female (left) and male (right) on the lower part of the "Dog's Head" chimney complex; C) "Kiwa B" assemblage (left) adjacent to "Kiwa A" assemblage (right) at the "Black & White" chimney at the E9 vent field; D) "Kiwa B" assemblage "Crab City" at the E2 vent field; E) "Kiwa B" assemblage at the "Black & White" chimney at the E9 vent field; F) Zoomed in section to show the dense multilayer aggregations of the "Kiwa B" assemblage at the "Black & White" chimney, both male and female individuals can be identified from chela dimorphism; G) Small individual Kiwa tyleri associated with the "barnacle assemblage" at the "Black & White" chimney; H) Brooding females away from the influence of direct fluid flow at "Anemone Field" E2 vent field; note: ROV slurp gun visible. Surface covered with tubercular processes on ischium, merus, carpus, and propodus. Occurrence of the Yeti Crab at Southern Ocean Hydrothermal Vents. Kiwa tyleri, with its infamous hairy chest. Pereopod 5, reduced, chelate, inserted below sternite 6, base not visible ventrally; hand and fixed finger strongly reduced, and flattened, longer than broad; numerous and dense setae on extensor margins of palm and movable finger (Fig 4F). We thank Michel Segonzac and Andrew Thurber for commenting on the manuscript. Further collection of type material is available (NHMUK 2015.27952804) (30/01/2010; 2395m; station: E9-141; 60°02.80’S, 29°58.70’W). nov. can easily be distinguished from the other two known members of the Kiwaidae, K. hirsuta Macpherson, Jones & Segonzac, 2005, and K. puravida Thurber, Jones & Schnabel, 2011 [9,10], by i) a smooth (no dorsal spines on surface) carapace (“scarabid-like” form), which is proportionally wider (“bulkier”) than in congeners, ii) pereopod 1 (chela) robust and large; enlarged (more pronounced) in bigger males, iii) pereopds 2–4 shorter, of shorter stouter segments, with propodus ending in strong distal spine, iv) ventral side (sternal plastron) with dense fields of setae consisting of two types of setae aligned in alternation, extending along ventral side of pereopods 2–4 (Figs 4 and 8). No, Is the Subject Area "Polymerase chain reaction" applicable to this article? This study was undertaken under the permit S3-3/2009 issued by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London to section 3 of the Antarctic Act 1994. [7] noted that a seep-to-vent evolutionary pathway for the family was consistent with the basal split between the seep-inhabiting K. puravida and the remaining kiwaids. Carpus with dorsal margin serrated with spines and tubercular processes. [1], Small limpets (a new species of Lepetodrilus) are often found on the carapace apparently grazing on bacteria. This hairy-chested crab, colloquially known as the ‘Hoff’ crab, carries bacteria on its body, which gives it a furry appearance. At this site, a new anomuran species which belongs to the genus Kiwa known as 'yeti crabs' was found. Holotype (female) (NHMUK 2015.2791) and paratype males (NHMUK 2015.2792; NHMUK 2015.2793) were subjected to micro-focus X-ray Computed Tomography (X-CT) scanning. Special thanks go to the NERC ROV-team for superbly running Isis. In search of the new yeti, in 2010 scientists piloted a remotely operated vehicle to the hydrothermal vents of East Scotia Ridge, more than 8,500 feet (2,600 meters) deep. 2015;1: 109–116. PLoS ONE 10(6): Credit: Sven Thatje Feb 11, 2020 - Dense mass of anomuran crab Kiwa around deep-sea hydrothermal vent - Hydrothermal vent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Antenna; peduncle without scaphocerite. Conceived and designed the experiments: ST. The method used allowed for the study of morphological features, without any invasive method applied to type material, and by discounting any setation in the specimens. The scans were conducted using a 225kV (peak) X-ray source fitted with a tungsten reflection target, together with a PerkinElmer XRD 1621 CN14 HS detector. Kiwa tyleri sp. mass of anomuran crab Kiwa around deep-sea hydrothermal vent. The other two species of Kiwaidae present a body form typical of squat lobsters living in less challenging geological environment, such as abyssal plains (soft and plain sediments), represented by long, slender pereopods 2 to 4, and a long, slender cheliped that would otherwise affect any climbing on steep surfaces. Kiwa tyleri sp. Wrote the paper: ST. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click The Yeti Crab (Kiwa hirsuta) is a species of crab from the deep sea. Specimens of Kiwa tyleri were collected from six biological sampling dives at both vent fields, using the ROV (remotely operated vehicle) Isis equipped with a suction sampler [23,24]. Pereopod 1 (cheliped) in females and males (Figs 4A–4D and 6A–6D), strongly spinose, about as long as carapace (excluding rostrum); about 1.5 times as long in large males (Fig 4B, 4C and 4D). A male Yeti Crab at Antarctic hydrothermal vents. Saved from upload.wikimedia.org. Here, we describe Kiwa tyleri sp. They feed mainly on the abundant chemotrophic bacteria living in their ecosystem. The animals reminded their discoverers of the Yeti, or the Abominable Snowman. It was found along the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) south of Easter Island at a depth of 2,200 metres (7,200 ft), living on hydrothermal vents. nov. produced in our phylogenetic analysis is consistent with the presented morphological inferences (see species identification) that the species described herein is a member of the anomuran squat lobster family Kiwaidae (Fig 3) [10]. This crab was first observed in March 2005 by marine biologists using the research submarine Alvin to explore hydrothermal vents along the Pacific-Antarctic ridge, south of Easter Island. This approach provides new perspectives for the future studies of Crustacea that are heavily covered in setae, and which may present hidden morphological characters of potential significance in the reconstruction of their evolutionary history, e.g. Engineering Sciences, μ-VIS CT Imaging Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom, Affiliation nov. and discuss how its morphological specialisations inform our understanding of vent-specific ecological adaptations in a polar environmental setting. Such is the life of a newfound species of crab, known as Kiwa tyleri. No, Is the Subject Area "Antarctic Ocean" applicable to this article? Funding: This work was supported by a NERC (UK) Consortium Grant (NE/D01249X/1; ChEsSo), as well as a grant from the Total Foundation (Abyss2100) to Sven Thatje. The monophyly of Kiwa hirsuta and Kiwa tyleri sp. It has reduced pigment, meaning it is almost completely white in color, and is thought to be blind. Yes Evidence for abbreviated and lecithotrophic larval development in the yeti crab Kiwa tyleri from hydrothermal vents of the East Scotia Ridge, Southern Ocean. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127621.g008. Named K. araonae, they were living next to hydrothermal vents about 2,000m down along the Australian-Antarctic Ridge. The early larval development and energetics has been described, suggesting an abbreviated (few stages) and lecithotrophic (food independent) mode of development away from the chemosynthetic and thermally highly variable environment surrounding vent chimneys [8].
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