father of regional geography

It was in 1807 that Ritter met Humboldt for the first time. Secondary School. Hence, history and geography must always remain inseparable”. He seems to have laid the foundation of the holistic tradition in the nineteenth-century geography. It is presumed that the interest in the systematic studies that developed in young Ritter just have stemmed from the influence of Humboldt’s writings. The phenomena of nature had to be studied in order to establish the coherence and unity. Humboldt is believed to have described Ritter’s Erdkunde as the most inspired work of this kind (comparative geography) and further commented – ‘our country has yielded – it is the first work in which is presented the influence which the surface-view has had on the peoples and their fates.’ Humboldt also admired Ritter’s work on Asia and added that such an important work had not appeared in thirty years. a) Strabo - He was known as the Father of Regional Geography. Regional planning. The material conditions were described as the geographical aspect of natural history; this covered the distribution of minerals, plants and animals. 2019. Thus, his approach was teleological. Later on, he reached Switzerland and Italy to make on-the-spot studies of their physical and cultural landscapes. Moreover, Ritter was a teleologist and had a strong belief in God and not an agnostic like Humboldt. In fact, geography remained an umbrella concept for a variety of expeditions and other activities within the natural and social sciences, to a large extent supported by geographical societies. Asia, said Ritter, represents the sunrise where the early civilisation of man flourished. The Polar Regions represent mid-night, where land and people are locked in eternal sleep. The continued use of continents as major regional entities not only for the teaching of geography, but also for the formulation of concepts has retarded the progress of geographical scholarship. He opined that if he could bring together all the facts and relationships observed in areas, these would make it possible to state such laws. One of the world’s oldest national parks, Mount Rainier became part of the federal system in 1899, shortly after its last eruption. Land effects the inhabitants and the inhabitants the land’. Political geography was a marginal subdiscipline for several decades after World War II, with geopolitical thinking disparaged because of its association with the work of geographers in 1930s Nazi Germany. Through the passage of time, the rich legacy of geography made a momentous journey to the bright Islamic minds. This clearly reflects Ritter’s zeal in the systematic studies of regional geography which also implies the importance of systematic studies of individual features and phenomena. continents). 2,000 Years of the Necktie The history of America's favorite Father's Day gift. The school of Carl O. Sauer, strongly influenced by Alfred Hettner and Paul Vidal de la Blache, is also seen as regional geography in its broadest sense. He was one of the founders of regional geography and stressed that geography should first concentrate on the study of all the interrelated phenomena to be found in each of all the areas of the world, and then on their basis systematic studies could be made on the relations of individual type of phenomena. Ritter conceived geography as an empirical science rather than one based on deduction from rational principles or apriori theory. The geographer traces ‘causation’ and ‘interdependence’ of the spatially distributed phenomena, and the relations of everyone to the country which supplies its condition of being. Log in. His ambition to produce a regional geography led him to consider regions of relatively large size. Ritter’s preparation for research covered an extremely wide field, in which on the one hand natural sciences (particularly the observational methods of nature study) predominated, but in which, on the other hand, his interest was increasingly human problem, i.e. He was a teleologist and believed in deductive approach. With his pupils Ritter made frequent trips around the city of Frankfurt and created in them keen interest in field studies. In spite of the fact that he lived long, he was not able to finish his work of Europe. His view of science sprang from his firm belief in God as the planner of the universe. The famous geographer, Paul Vidal de la Blanche is regarded as the father of Regional Geography. He greatly increased his competence as an observer that helped him to develop his own methods. The following is the Nov. 5, 2020 Congressional Research Service In Focus report, Defense Primer: Geography, Strategy, and U.S. Force Design. His ideas were strengthened by the publication of Darwin’s Origin of Species in 1859 with its emphasis on the close relationships of organism and their habitat (environment). He believed that the earth was an organism made, even in its smallest details, with divine intent, to fit the needs of man to perfection. ‘Areal phenomena are so interrelated as to give rise to the uniqueness of areas as individual units.’ Ritter, therefore, insisted that a real synthesis and description must precede the world-wide analysis of particular sets of features and phenomena. Ritter declared geography to be ‘Erdkunde’ or an earth science, which deals with local conditions and embraces the attributes of place with respect to topical, formal and material characteristics. In the first volume of Kosmos (1845), Humboldt speaks of “Ritter’s great and inspired work”. Walter Isard, an economist who founded the field of regional science, inspiring social scientists to study the relationships between such factors as geography… His philosophy seeks to understand the whole rather than the parts and suggests that the whole is more than the sum of its parts, i.e., it has emergent properties not predictable from knowledge of the constituent parts. Thus, a dynamic element entered his teaching. Join now. In 1814, he went to the University of Gottingen after the death of one of his pupils of the Hollweg’s family. regional geography under stand the region as a social con- struct. Nature in every corner of the Earth is a reflection of the whole. Ritter emphasised that the unity of nature could be recognised in theory and in practice and this could be established scientifically only by investigating the individual, single features in their relation to each other and building these up in their actual relationships to form the whole. Hegel (1770-1831). He enlarged the concept of the land hemisphere and remarked that this was also a part of God’s plan. It is a field that is responsible for analyzing the relationship between plant life and the terrestrial environment. He studied the working of nature in order to understand the purpose behind its orders. Prohibited Content 3. The Geographical Society Frankfurt—1836, 7. Ritter emphasised that the enormous multiplicity of observations must be organised according to the chorological principle which should be considered both in a horizontal and a vertical sense. His major geographic units were the continents or Erdteile, and he applied the traditional definition for the continents as the major regions. Ritter appears to have envisaged each continent as a complex of individual units whose whole structure and extent could be arrived at by inductive procedures from the smallest areas of associated phenomena within the framework of his regional geography. Erdkunde, Ritter pointed out, was a more fitting name for scientific geography. We curated a pop quiz of an assortment of geography questions from the Jeopardy! Both Humboldt and Ritter laid great stress on the unity of nature, though one has a scientific and other a religious approach. Salzamann was enthusiastic about these new suggestions and founded his school at Schnepfenthal in the Thuringerwald to experiment with them. He founded the Berlin Geographical Society. His view that ‘among all the creatures on the Earth only man could comprehend the existence of a divine plan and so could adjust his life to it and make maximum use of god’s gifts’, was also criticised as valueless and unscientific because it did not take into account the concept of struggle and survival. His stressed that “the outer shell of the earth is the area of geographical study and not the entire earth”. COMPENSATED: The family of Benny Herrera sued the cop who shot and killed the 31-year-old father of four. He realised the magnitude of the work he had begun. Eratosthenes is commonly considered to be the “Father of Geography,” and in fact, he quite literally wrote the book on the subject in the third century BCE. The first attribute was topographical, i.e., it deals with natural divisions of the earth surface. Content Guidelines 2. He was influenced by W.F. z Geography is a holistic and interdisciplinary field of study engaged in understanding the chaning speatial structure at different territorial levels. Ritter seemed to have rejected Gattener’s and Hommeyer’s idea of pure Geography (reine geographie). Land affects the inhabitants and the inhabitants the land. Ritter’s method is said to be deductive because it deduces new conclusions from fundamental assumptions or from truths established by other methods. This is a main branch in geography and it mainly covers studies of the human race. It can also be defined as a science that studies the habitat of plants, focused on its distribution on the earth's surface. He stressed the idea of land and water hemispheres, the distinction between the rates of heating and cooling of land and water, the difference between the northern and the southern hemispheres in their proportion of land and water. Before uploading and sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. World regional geography : a development approach PDF Version $ According to Ritter, geography was concerned with objects on the earth as they exist together in an area. Log in. The task of the geographer is to get away from mere description to the law of the thing described; to reach not a mere enumeration of facts and figures, but the connection of place with place, and the laws which bind together local and general phenomena of the Earth’s surface. World Regional Geography. He believed, as did Vidal de la Blache much later, that earth and its inhabitants stand in the closest reciprocal relations, and one cannot be truly presented in all its relationships without the other. Unlike Ritter, he saw no reason to explain unity and order in nature as a God-given system to further humanity’s development. Space relations were basically emphasised. The main work of these societies was to give support for expeditions and for their publication of yearbooks and journals which included maps and other material from expeditions. The great function of geography, according to him, is to show the unison of human social phenomena with the complex of natural forces in the locality. These were the uniqueness of the Earth in the universe; the Earth as the home of that unique creature, man; and finally, the explanation of a host of geographic facts—the differentiation in the character among the major land units of the world. Causal relationships had to be sought by the comparative method that had proved so successful in other sciences, particularly anatomy. At the university level, he opted for Greek and Latin and read history and geography widely. He went to Switzerland and Italy, etc. Only in this central location among the Earth’s land areas that a world-conquering civilisation could arise. He emphasized repeatedly that he was teaching a ‘new’ scientific geography, in contrast to the traditional “lifeless summary of facts about countries and cities, mingled with all sorts of scientific incongruities”. In 1845, Humboldt described in the first volume of his Cosmos, about Ritter’s the Erdkunde which, to him, ‘has shown that the comparative geography can attain thoroughness only when the whole mass of the facts that have been gathered from various zones, is comprehended in one view, is placed at the disposal of the integrating intelligence’. Most of Ritter’s earlier works point towards his zeal in the systematic studies. In Erdkunde, he advanced the theory of the north-west movement of civilization in Europe. Geography. Ritter holds a holistic view with respect to the content and purpose of geographic study, and the whole study was focused on and culminated in man. The individual area had its own particular determined value. He divided the natural features of earth as mountains, rivers etc. Subsequently, when the first chair of geography was created in Germany, he was made as the first Professor of Geography in 1820 at the University of Berlin. Thus, he combined a basic teleological standpoint with a most critical scientific precision, and remarked that ‘my system builds on facts, not on philosophical arguments’. • Eratosthenes (c. 276–c. Political geography is the further offshoot that studies the spatial distribution of political processes and how these processes are impacted by … By proceeding from the simple to the compound, Ritter tried to establish the totality of interrelated features as the distinctive character of each area. The forms of the organism repeat themselves in every different combination. 1. Ritter was also the founder of comparative method in regional geography. 2019 ‘American imperial expansion and area studies without geography’ Journal of Historical Geography 66, 43-54 BARNES, T. J. He is considered as ‘Father of Regional Geography’, he stressed on the division of the world into natural and not into political boundaries. Ritter’s purpose always led from the individual facts towards a ‘whole’ of all phenomena, rather than to trace the inner relation of phenomena to a last ’cause’. It is in this unpublished manuscript that Ritter expressed his strong orientation towards the inductive method. 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