Thomas wrote in April 1845: He said he and another man had come unarmed from Gippsland. [41] The conspiracy of secrecy is used to explain why Hoddinott probably with good reason, chose to remain anonymous, as the account implicated Angus McMillan as the leader of this murderous retaliation. Gardner concludes that McMillan's group initially killed two family groups at Warrigal Creek waterhole and then a few days later killed another 60 people at the mouth of Warrigal Creek, then killing three other groups at Freshwater Creek, Gammon Creek, and Red Hill. 0000021061 00000 n
They did not find any Bunurong so they ransacked a squatters station instead. [6], In contrast, there is an implicit assumption in Gardners work that the Kurnai were passive victims of European violence, but this does not do them justice. The Gippslander story consists of just over a page; within it there is a myriad of minor details that are contradicted by the contemporary newspaper reports. Searching for information on frontier conflict in old newspapers (film or hard copy) was the proverbial "needle in a haystack" task - time consuming and exhausting with few . 6az Q";cM;|?)/ Bg~VK7QVK_6 +K}\\&h"DmWK+^>Pnu"8H8@sF1jO-@g?XjGs=2]v'x9y[6p X
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&DvB )vBqKwbm%aM!._aiaekE)hc_9lujzR10IrR--6HWXSA[Wd{DS#~}wDvenr,rFU-}aOe(d}b Produced and directed by Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. There were further reports of violence involving the Kurnai in April 1844 when the Sydney Morning Herald printed a letter from a Gippsland squatter: The blacks are still continuing their outragesburning huts, robbing peoples gardens, and slaughtering cattle by wholesale. In July 1843, up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were killed near the banks of what is now known as Warrigal Creek. Stay updated on Warrigal Creek Massacre Documentary Screening and find even more events in Warragul. The attack on the Brataualung people camped at Warrigal Creek was one of several incidents resulting in loss of life among the Gunai Kurnai people. Perhaps the most apt way to name these outrageous and brutal occurrences is that they be called after the man who organised and perpetrated them: Angus McMillan. The quote from Robinson is from Gardners book, Through Foreign Eyes; he says Robinson was incorrect to blame the convicts, because The hostile collisions that occurred following the murder of Macalister and others in Gippsland were carried out by the squatters and their employees.[31] This correction suggests that Gardner entirely overlooked the substance and significance of Robinsons observations. Gardner regards tribal warfare as a myth.[18]. The creek is on a farm 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Sale, and 200 kilometres (120 mi) east of Melbourne, in the South Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia. 12 He also claimed this appeared to be part of a cover-up due to the arrival of Tyers or Robinson. The Balderstones house is just steps from a humble waterway where up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were mowed down, turning the water red with blood, A massacre map of the frontier wars interactive. Elizabeth Balderstone leads a lifestyle that many city dwellers fantasise about, on a farm in Victorias Gippsland, surrounded by friendly sheep, with a humble little creek just 60 metres from her house. Lachlan Macalisters demand of Gipps to provide protection for the settlers gives the impression that the settlers were on the defensive against both the Kurnai and the convicts. Word of the murder was sent to Lachlan Macalister. [10] Caldow (2012) p.25; Caldow W (2010) The early livestock trade between Gippsland and Van Diemens Land: insights from Patrick Coady Buckleys journal of 1844. The Australian reported in August: The Prince George touched at Port Albert on the 25th ultimo, and reports that the Agenoria is taking in cattle there, the captain of which reported the blacks to be in a very riotous state. Home; News; Entertainment; Sport; Galleries; Competitions; . [22] Sydney Morning Herald 15 April 1844, p. 4; the article appears to have Lachlan Macalisters turn of phrase. 2020, Cnr. Events.com Browse is curated for you to find and attend events you love. He was shot through the foot and was so injured that he was called Club Foot.[39]. Macalisters letter to the Sydney Morning Herald in 1843 and a search of Trove and the PROV websites reveal that this statement is incorrect. On the 13th ultimo, Mr. Ronald McAlister was removing his sheep station about two miles from the settlement, when he was attacked by the blacks and murdered; his body was found the following day by a native in his employ. 29 May 2018. [45] Hoddinotts tale thus appears to contain generic elements from the period. Those who came in chains, those who fled famine, those who fled or survived genocide and war and its consequences. Welcome to you all., Read Quadrant online or as a printed magazine Starting at $88.00 a year. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 01:43. Gardner claimsincorrectlythat Thomas was aware of the circumstances of the Warrigal Creek massacre, as he had recorded the details of it on two separate occasions. A European convicted of cattle stealing in the Port Phillip District faced the penalty of transportation for fifteen years; in Van Diemens Land, it was for life.[24]. It beggars belief that it was accepted as a completely reliable historical source. Frustrated with the hidden history of the massacre, the makers of this 50-minute documentary sought oral histories and combed through archival works to capture and relay the truth of Australias violent past. 2 0 obj
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7Lw/_Mx+47nY;N9Uvs1;. While we are not personally responsible we continue to live different experiences from these events; some of privilege, some of disadvantage, some unknowing. Peter Gardner[1]. In my research for Bitter Harvest, I could find no reference, in original sources, to The Highland Brigade, established, according to the Gardner version of history, to seek out and exterminate blacks. [33] His work was cited widely in a motion to remove monuments to McMillan put before the Wellington Shire Council in June 2020. 0001064425 00000 n
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Around 60 Indigenous Australians were killed, and many more were wounded. The aim of this article is to examine Gardners interpretation of the Warrigal Creek massacre story and his accusations against McMillan. Your email address will not be published. Gardner cites this version to confirm that Gippslander was in fact Hoddinott but he does not mention that the two versions contain a number of significant differences. The next day, while on horseback, he was speared through the neck from behind. 16 0 obj A Scottish colonist, called Angus McMillan, led a group of about 20 settlers who . Third, Gardners narrative is constructed around a story written for schoolchildren in 1925, a story that could at best be considered as folk history. Probably even as a child I just sensed something its a really spiritual place, she says. 0000002903 00000 n
[3] Their customs and society were studied in detail by Alfred W. Howitt, but due to violence and the effects of disease, alcohol and the mission system, much traditional knowledge had already been lost by the time he began recording information in the mid-1860s. bHn=Y,8M*[+GwXfi1^yn}vSuvA@pN. Second, Gardners narrative is based on the assertion that the massacre and Angus McMillan are synonymous, but he has produced no evidence whatsoever to implicate McMillan. My late husbands family had owned the property since the late 1880s and my father-in-law was a very passionate historian, she says. 0000115891 00000 n
The La Trobe Journal, 86, 23-36. [44] The word colourful may have been more appropriate. Where I live you can almost point in every direction [to a massacre site], he says. lizabeth Balderstone leads a lifestyle that many city dwellers fantasise about, on a farm in Victorias Gippsland, surrounded by friendly sheep, with a humble little creek just 60 metres from her house. Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. A documentary was made in 2018 and a federal electorate was renamed that year to remove the legacy of Angus McMillan, the alleged instigator, who is otherwise remembered as an explorer, squatter, MP and Protector of Aborigines. They were feared by their tribal enemies for their ability to attack at nighta skill the Europeans were to encounter.[5]. Bells account is matter-of-fact and he did not name McMillan or any other person. Could you help us please? This essay appears in Decembers Quadrant. In July 1844 he wrote, I regret however to observe that the depredations of the Aborigines continue and that the small police force at my disposal is inadequate to put a stop to them. He went on to describe how the natives have been very troublesome, killing 90 head of cattle belonging to Mr Sparks, at various times, and many belonging to Mr Jones. Gardners reliability can best be judged by his rewriting of an inter-tribal massacre at Tambo Crossing. Their territory extended along the coast from Cape Liptrap in the west to Point Hicks in the east, and inland to the Great Dividing Range in the north. LGMedia. 'Conspiracy of silence': how sabotaged inquiries fed massacre denials, Telling the truth about Australia's past will be painful but it will be liberating | Karen Mundine and Richard Weston, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. For them to do that and come up with a shared name was a major achievement. The Warrigal Creek Massacre on Vimeo. [16] The Port Phillip Gazette reported in April 1845: A report has been current that a whole tribe of blacks has been extirpated in the Gipps Land country, by the Western Port or Port Phillip blacks, led on by several of the Mounted Black Police; we understand that an investigation is now going on, and we may add it is one of the most extraordinary affairs we have yet heard about. 0000034566 00000 n
27 May - 3 June. 5 0 obj His body was mutilated and stripped, and it was found the next day by an Aboriginal boy in his employment. 2023 Vimeo.com, Inc. All rights reserved. Tyerss Convict Return for 1844 shows that convict labour was an integral part of the squatter economy. from This documentary tells the story of the Warrigal Creek massacre of 1843 in Gippsland, Victoria, where as many as 150 Gunai Kurnai children, women and . According to Gardner, the Warrigal Creek massacre was revenge for his murder. stream [55] The murder of Macalister may have marked a turning point in which the Europeans went on the offensive. His alleged role in the massacre is a construct entirely of Gardners own making, where he attached McMillans name to the Gippslander story without revealing this to his readers. Over there, thats where the whitefellas killed our old fellas., The Gurnaikurnai artist Steaphan Paton says the monuments to McMillan one calls him Gippslands discoverer should be removed: They belong in a museum, they dont belong on our land.. In Chapter 1 of Gippsland Massacres, he states: There was a brigade formed by McMillan, which according to Gippslander, was called the Highland Brigade, and mainly consisted of Scotsmen who swore before God and their Queen not to inform on their fellow desperados, and to maintain complete secrecy of the affair in which they were about to participate. Happy New Year to all. xX[~`*E}KgnvqEd%$4?9h1s7KDE+>RT*;[(b [13], The squatting runs were large tracts of unfenced landMacalister had 100 square mileswhere livestock was left in charge of shepherds and hut keepers whose job it was to tend the livestock and prevent it from straying. If a historical narrative is to be used as the basis for debate or action in the public sphere, it should be grounded in non-partisan, objective research and analysis. stream
From 1839, Angus McMillan tried on numerous occasions to reach Corner Inlet from the Monaro District and finally succeeded in February 1841 when he reached the tidal bank of the Albert River. Purchase tickets, Light refreshments will be available. 0000116989 00000 n
[6] It's an atrocity which historians found fitting the criteria of 'genocidal massacre.' [3] He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the Brigade from one camp to another. %PDF-1.5
These stories contain the earliest known account of a massacre as revenge for the death of Macalister. <>
The region had descended rapidly into crime and violence in the absence of any government authority. true /ColorSpace 25 0 R /Intent /Perceptual /SMask 26 0 R /BitsPerComponent 6 0 obj If the problem persists contact Customer Support. The men were easy prey for the Kurnai and by mid-1843, four had been murdered. 0000020901 00000 n
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I think the first thing for Gippsland is to acknowledge that it does have that history, like other places where bad things have happened, where massacres have occurred, where theres some acknowledgement of whats occurred instead of masking it, a Gurnaikurnai elder, Doris Paton, told the film-makers Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. xref
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And when Gippsland comes to terms with what happened, and why it happened, theres an opportunity to talk much better about that history.. >> /ExtGState << /Gs2 23 0 R /Gs1 24 0 R >> /Font << /TT2 11 0 R /TT3 12 0 R [32] Gardners work has been influential and generally unquestioned. [citation needed], A witness, Willy Hoddinott, wrote the following in 1925:[3], "The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the Waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. 0000016727 00000 n
To those who came by jet plane yesterday. Their submission was denied; McMillan was renamed the Monash electorate instead. stream Convicts were entitled to a daily ration of fresh meat, as were the military and the civilian authorities. I ill not believe anything about aboriginal history that does not have the Indigenous Seal of Approval by the Bruce Pascoe Ministry of Truth. <>
Voice.Treaty.Truth. Gardner says this was almost certainly McMillan of Nuntin and that Dunderdale was mistaken as the person he was most likely referring to was McMillan of Bushy Park. This documentary was made by university journalism students and staff. 4 0 obj
At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. Their prior absence from the discourse may indicate the level of research in this area. External Lived Experience Employment Opportunities, Complete the VMIAC Conference 2023 Survey, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 17.02.2023, New Consumer Register Opportunity: Access Policy & Triage Guidelines, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 03.02.2023, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 20.01.2023. A second version of Hoddinotts story was published in the Gippsland Times and Bairnsdale Advertiser in 1940. The current awareness of the Warrigal Creek massacre stems largely from the writing of the self-published historian Peter Gardner, who contends that his work represents currently accepted history. Before declaring Hoddinotts tale to be completely reliable, it would have been prudent to analyse its contents. [1] Gardner, P. D. (1993) Gippsland Massacres (third edition) Ngarak Press, Ensay, Victoria, p. 66, [3] Howitt, A W (1880) The Kurnai: Their Customs in Peace and War in Fison, L. and Howitt, A W Kamilaroi and Kurnai Anthropological Publications, Oosterhout, facsimile edition, pp 227-29, [6] Morris, H. B. Gardner claims his work is partly political and partly moralistic; he disdains objectivity and describes his politics as left. [58] Apart from the perverse logic of this claim, it is factually incorrect. This article has been rated as Stub-Class on the project's quality scale. He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the 'brigade' from one camp to another.". We are here to help! 0000005571 00000 n
[38], I knew two blacks who, though wounded, came out of that hole alive. Following the murder, Lachlan Macalister wrote a letter to Governor Sir George Gipps via the Sydney Morning Herald in which he implicated the governor for the state of anarchy in Gippsland due to the lack of official protection. Men, women and children are shot whenever they can be met with I have protested against it at every station I have been in Gippsland, in the strongest language, but these things are kept very secret as the penalty would certainly be hanging. Thats not to say they dont exist, but if you have knowledge of such I would be grateful to know it. Most importantly, it does not say whereif Hatchers account is reliable, he was clearly not speaking about Warrigal Creek. 1 0 obj
It may be student work out of Swinburne. Here are some resources for further research. 91 0 obj
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In other words, by coincidence, Robinson and Hatcher arrived in Gippsland at exactly the same time. The mainland squatters wanted a share of this market and the Van Diemens Land butchers with Commissariat contracts needed to obtain livestock at the lowest price possible. In July 1843, a European named Ronald Macalister was killed by First Nations men near Port Albert, in Victoria. Its part of our life and its not that I dont stop and think about it. We were hearing the stories all the time, especially when we were near the places or going past somewhere, my mum would always say, Over that way. Shed point the finger and say, Dont go that way. It really hadnt happened before and it just was not even acknowledged or recognised.. The historical record of this conflict up to 1843 is sparse and consists of just a few newspaper reports. The Geelong Advertiser reported the murder: It is reported that Mr. McAllister was decoyed from his station by a party of blacks on pretext of having found a flock of sheep that had been missing, and that having got him to a spot favourable for their murderous purpose, they set upon him with their waddies, and despatched him under circumstances of the utmost barbarity.[20]. Thomas wrote that Meyrick, gave me a most awful statement of doings in Gippsland & tho he stated the utter impossibility of bringing forward valid evidence to convict in a court of law, yet the awful spectacle of human skeletons & pack[s] of bones & report[s] of doings within the last 3 yrs, shows that the Aborigines have been cut off in awful numbers, & the residue left almost totally destitute, in fact he said how they lived God only knew as they were driven to the Lakes & Lagoons where Europeans would not follow them, that the Maneiro Blks (encouraged he believed by the early Settlers) [had] been very instrumental with the Black Police of awfully thinning their numbers that the Awful Sacrifice of life after the Murder of Mr McAlister was awfully reckless & merciless [53]. Click here to subscribe. 0001000963 00000 n
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[14], Conflict with the Kurnai was not restricted to the Europeans. endobj
However, he has not included a much earlier reference to the massacre. The story was written anonymously for a magazine for primary school children eighty-two years after the incident described, without attribution, and by someone who was not there. 0000001766 00000 n
This mass murder was committed by early colonists Angus McMillan and the Highland Brigade. According to Tyers, at least fifty Kurnai were killed by the Native Police and other Aborigines attached to the search parties. Food and drink refreshments will be offered (meat, vegetarian and gluten free options available). Gunaikurnai people continue to visit the land to pay their respects. [35] This simplistic reductionism obscures the complexity of Gippslands early history, evident in his rejection of Robinsons observations on the escaped convicts. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> The Kurnai people were the indigenous inhabitants of Gippsland when the first Europeans arrived. share events with your friends and make the most out of every experience. <>>>
[2], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}374014S 1463957E / 37.67056S 146.66583E / -37.67056; 146.66583, Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 01:43, List of massacres of Indigenous Australians, "Victoria's Deadly & Proud campaign remembers Indigenous victims of Warrigal Creek massacre in South Gippsland", "Living on a massacre site: home truths and trauma at Warrigal Creek", "Victoria to introduce Australia's first truth-telling process to address Indigenous injustices", "Victoria to establish truth and justice process as part of Aboriginal treaty process", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warrigal_Creek_Massacre&oldid=1141638012, "The Settling of Gippsland - A Regional History", by Patrick Morgan, published by Gippsland Municipalities Association, Traralgon, 1997. [23] Inwards correspondence Tyers to La Trobe 44/1367 p.5 PROV, [24] Port Phillip Gazette 21 May 1842, p.3, [25] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 45/324 PROV, [27] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 46/219 PROV, [28] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 44/2112, PROV; Port Phillip Patriot 12 August 1839, p.4, [29] Tyers to La Trobe Inwards Correspondence 44/1367, p.4, PROV, [30] Port Phillip Patriot 12 August 1839, p.4, [31] Gardner, P. D. (1994) Through Foreign Eyes, Ngarak Press, Ensay, p.45, [32]Gardner (1993) p.58; (1990) Our Murdering Founding Father, 2nd Edition, Ngarak Press, p.28, [33] The Guardian 6 March 2019; 8 March 2019; Gippsland Times 16 June 2020, [34] Gardner (1993) pp 6-7; (2015) Some Random Notes on Massacres 2000-2015 (on-line essay). Home News Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. 0000001456 00000 n
When Angus McMillian and the Highland Brigade rode through Gippsland in 1843, they aimed to murder as many Gunai Kurnai children, women and men as they could. News; Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. But that creek, Warrigal, has seen unimaginable horrors. 4 0 obj T*,2$i ,2N0p$ rOE2)Tde$2([X~O`E([HH|MrJSo The Commissariat let annual tenders for the supply of fresh meat and other staples. Film Screening The Warrigal Creek Massacre This country has a hidden history that is not widely acknowledged. 0000020785 00000 n
Within a period of two years, it appears that Gippsland became a haven for escapees. 0000003041 00000 n
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Gardners method in telling the story is to first present the massacre and McMillans involvement as matters of fact. The Gippslander account mentions the Highland Brigade and a death toll of 100 to 150, but McMillans involvement, Scotsmen, the swearing to God and the Queen, and secrecy, are entirely Gardners creation. There exists little to no official documentation of the Warrigal Creek Massacre. [4] Howitts pioneering anthropological work is compelling reading and provides a suitable counter to many modern narratives. This letter indicates that the Kurnai were still harrying the squatters the year after the massacre is believed to have occurredthere was conflict with the Kurnai before and after the murder of Macalister. endstream
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The manager of the Krowathunkooloong keeping place in Bairnsdale, Rob Hudson, agrees. While the murder was well documented in contemporary newspaper accounts, the reports also indicate that by mid-1843, Gippsland was in a state of disarray. So far, this has been lacking. Continue here for the tools you already love, but be sure to explore everything else Balderstones daughter Alice Irving calls the site a powerful place. "qd]^vc'OontVsl Following the screening, VMIAC will facilitate a discussion about the film and its importance in understanding the effects of colonisation and inter-generational trauma and resilience for First Nations peoples. Many of the stock keepers were ticket-of-leave holders or assigned convict servants. In a letter to his family in England dated April 1846, the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick said: .css-cumn2r{height:1em;width:1.5em;margin-right:3px;vertical-align:baseline;fill:#C70000;}The blacks are very quiet here now, poor wretches. The second piece of evidence from Thomas is the record of his conversation with the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick in January 1847. 0001021671 00000 n
[10], When the squatters began occupying Kurnai territory with their herds of sheep and cattle, conflict soon followed. 2151 Viki Sinclair, another member of the group who is descended from a member of McMillans Highland Brigade, says: Its the first time around here that the Aboriginal groups came across with groups like ours to work on something like this and it was something important to tackle and do together. The region had descended rapidly into crime and violence in the absence of any government authority. Convicts under the control of the penal system in the Port Phillip District and elsewhere were notorious for their crimes against the Aborigines. hb``0c`` `01$Q3(f`faPS``e` 0=!E Clq.~Jg`
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Events you love 38 ], he was shot through the foot and was so injured he! Would be grateful to know it by coincidence, Robinson and Hatcher arrived Gippsland. Their ability to attack at nighta skill the Europeans went on the offensive ], I knew two blacks,! If the problem persists contact Customer Support page was last edited on 26 February 2023 at... Macalister may warrigal creek massacre documentary marked a turning point in which the Europeans of Warrigal... Ill not believe anything about Aboriginal history that does not have the inhabitants. To Gardner, the Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in Victoria... The same time have knowledge of such I would be grateful to know it project & # x27 s. > the Kurnai people were killed, and many more were wounded historical record of his conversation with the Times! I just sensed something its a really spiritual place, she says 0001064425 00000 n 00000! Be part of the penal system in the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick January! Published in the Port Phillip District and elsewhere were notorious for their crimes against the Aborigines rapidly into and... At $ 88.00 a year substance and significance of Robinsons observations a turning point in direction... Massacre site ], conflict with the Gippsland Times and Bairnsdale Advertiser in 1940 encounter. [ ]. Students and staff convict Return for 1844 shows that convict labour was an integral part of our and! You can almost point in every direction [ to a massacre site ], he says another man come! Not name McMillan or any other person is factually incorrect be offered ( meat, vegetarian gluten. Spiritual place, she says who came by jet plane yesterday by mid-1843 four! Starting at $ 88.00 a year pay their respects is curated for you to find and attend you. 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