Critical thinking sometimes is implemented so that multiple, many solutions are created. Results-Oriented A person whose focus is on getting the problem solved. M4_{-F?eSz}q>!8% !BI0Hq/Bb\OW}>@dw8@ c>DT:v@ Creative problem solving usually resolves in something considered new or unusual as a solution. By learning to recognize these patterns in both numbers and written arguments, an individual gains insights into the information that someone who simply takes the information at face value will miss.12, Managers with excellent analytical reasoning abilities are considered good at, evaluating problems, analyzing them from more than one angle and finding a solution that works best in the given circumstances.13 Businesses want managers who can apply analytical reasoning skills to meet challenges and keep a business functioning smoothly. . That extra step in problem solving isidentifying obstaclesas well as mapping out a strategic set of solutions to resolve the problem. Identify the problem: Find the source of what is wrong. In fact, they promote rigid learning and most of the time, too theoretical that cant be applied in real-life situations. 3. <>6]/P 34 0 R/Pg 48 0 R/S/Link>> Critical Thinking vs. Creative Thinking Creative thinking is a way of looking at problems or situations from a fresh perspective to conceive of something new or original.. Critical thinking is the logical, sequential disciplined process of rationalizing, analyzing, evaluating, and interpreting information to make informed judgments and/or decisions. 08 Apr 2021 Frans Campher, Programme Co-Director, Imperial College Business School. The difference between thinking and critical thinking is that thinking involves the act of analyzing something at a basic or a ground level and acts fast whereas critical thinking is the act of analyzing all the possible outcomes and characteristics of something until a conclusion or opinion is formed. For instance, a quantitative analyst can break down data into patterns to discern information, such as if a decrease in sales is part of a seasonal pattern of ups and downs or part of a greater downward trend that a business should be worried about. Metacognition, or the Self-reflection dimension of Critical Thinking, is a more theoretical and personal concept. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'criticalthinkingsecrets_com-box-4','ezslot_3',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-criticalthinkingsecrets_com-box-4-0');In addition, we can control Metacognition, since it is our reflection. Here are five common and impactful critical thinking skills you might consider highlighting on your resume or in an interview: 1. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'criticalthinkingsecrets_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_9',116,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-criticalthinkingsecrets_com-medrectangle-3-0');Critical thinking skills though, need to be practiced, learned, and constantly improved. 2. Design a site like this with WordPress.com, POLITICAL ESSAY ON THE KINGDOM OF NEWSPAIN, TIPS FOR WRITING A PERSONAL STATEMENT FOR LAWSCHOOL. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'criticalthinkingsecrets_com-box-2','ezslot_2',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-criticalthinkingsecrets_com-box-2-0');Two terms we usually confuse with each other are Critical Thinking and Metacognition. Read about our approach to external linking. Being tempted by low prices and promises of quick paper delivery, you may choose another paper writing service. Critical thinking, then, enables us to form sound beliefs and judgments, and in doing so, provides us with a basis for a . The specific theatrical issues being discussed include schema theory as a rational premise for the connection between reading comprehension and critical thinking, cognitive development processes, critical thinking: its nature and definitions, critical thinking . 2. A purist approach to problem solving doesnt take into account that sometimes a business needs to make the best decision under the existing circumstances (where budget, time and resource constraints might play a factor). critical thinking can help nurses solve specific patient problems as well as system-wide challenges. Reasoning is also a mental process. Hills & Cheryl Corporate Advisory Sdn. A professional essay writing service is an instrument for a student who's pressed for time or who doesn't speak English as a first language. Critical and Reflective Thinking encompasses a set of abilities that students use to examine their own thinking and that of others. The purpose of this manual is to provide an insight about critical thinking for quality Decisions making &problem solving for government and non-government officials. Thus, critical thinking is much easier and less complicated. Milos Savic It requires the understanding that when someone is in pain, it is a problem that is real. Whats the Difference Between Critical Thinking Skills and Problem-Solving Skills? Creative thinking is generative, while critical thinking is analytical. Also, if there are differences, what are they? endobj Creative thinking is about generating new, novel, or useful ideas. Critical thinking is fundamentally a process of questioning information and data. Also, as our life changes, we need to be equipped with the appropriate critical thinking skills that will help us face any kind of situation. Combined with creativity. Someone with critical thinking skills is able to do the following: Understand the logical connections between ideas. Problem Solving is the result of critical thinking. Now that we know what critical thinking and creative problem solving are, what is the difference between them? What is the similarities between critical thinking and creative thinking? Problem solving and critical thinking refers to the ability to use . endobj John Foster Dulles, Former US Secretary of State. That is why it is also called Self-reflection. Your email address will not be published. Auxiliary aids and services are available upon request to individuals with disabilities EEO/ADA/Employer/Programs -TTY# -711. Basically, Metacognition is the level after critical thinking. CRITICAL THINKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING. 2. 7 Similarities with critical thinking and problem solving include: 1. Critical thinking refers to a combination of complex skills for a higher level of thinking. One of the features of Critical thinking is that it is not so expansive like creative thinking. cia@radford.edu Traditionally, nurses have used a problem-solving approach in planning and providing nursing care. 40 0 obj It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. It involves exploring possibilities. Creative thinking is imaginative. while others need to practice and go through education to become better at practicing them. act with confidence without direct supervision. Critical thinking does not necessary result into a definite solution. Acknowledging alternative explanations/viewpoints: How well does the applicant consider other options and acknowledge that their answer is not the only perspective? Brainstorm possible options: This can be understood as a sub process of thinking. That is because not every problem requires thinking. <> Evaluation of information: How well does the applicant assess the quality and relevance of information? Decision making involves choosing between different courses of action by evaluating each based on a set of criteria. endobj Critical thinkers are looking to find reasons an idea will not work, while creative problem solvers will look for ways an idea will work. In our blog Importance ofProblem Solving Skills in Leadership, we highlighted problem solving skills as a distinct skill set. Problem solving is an analytical process used to identify the possible solutions to the situation at hand. Resourcefulness A person who will adapt to new/difficult situations and devise ways to overcome obstacles. "It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it." - Aristotle. <>11]/P 24 0 R/Pg 50 0 R/S/Link>> These two skills are at the top of skills required of applicants by employers. P.O. Innovative and Critical Thinking: Training Your Brain to Solve Problems and C Critical thinking & communication skills rev5.24.10, Building a Critical Thinking Assessment Business, How do you activate your critical thinking and problem solving skills. endstream Critical thinking is a multidimensional skill, a cognitive or mental process or set of procedures. Pretty much everyone on the planet engages in problem solving on a daily basis. Problem Solving and Critical Thinking Everyone experiences problems from time to time. Similarities And Differences Between Critical Thinking And Creative Problem Solving | Best Writers. Observational skills are the starting point for critical thinking. Creativity A person who is an original thinker and have the ability to go beyond traditional approaches. endobj In the business world, we will always have problems that need to be solved. It entails effective communication and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism. When defining this term, we need to take into account four traits. And, of course, leaders and managers will need to use their decision-making skills to determine which solution to pursue. The great innovators . Making decisions is a part of problem solving. After reading Chapter 8 and Chapter 9 of Understanding Creativity: The Interplay of Biological. People often use the terms problem solving and decision making interchangeably specifically because they have elements in common. Critical thinking and creative problem solving are necessary skills in people's personal and professional lives. A person with good analytical reasoning and pattern recognition skills can see trends in a problem much easier than anyone else. Critical thinking- as mentioned above- is also highly affected by interaction with other people and with external factors. Whether in an office or on a construction site, experiencing difficulties with the tasks at hand or Creative Thinking is going beyond the limitations and being original and fresh in ones ideas. Whether in an office or on a construction site, experiencing difficulties with the tasks at hand or . and interpreting information to make informed judgments and/or decisions. 6. Drawing conclusions: How well does the applicant form a conclusion from their analysis? When considering options, it is not important to have all of the information at that time. Critical Thinking, on the other hand, is more evaluative in nature and analyses a particular thing. endobj Problem Solving There is a difference between Critical Thinking and Problem Solving. Kyle Hall Suite 231 It provides a way for us to learn from new experiences through the process of continual self-assessment. Similarities exists between both of these concepts. You can be adept at problem solving, or finding the root of an issue, and still lack the decision making skills to choose and action viable next steps to bring about a successful outcome. Critical thinking plays a vital role in problem-solving, especially when troubleshooting technical issues. Disadvantages Of Critical Thinking, Top 12 Soft Skills Consulting Firms Look For. Reflective thinking, on the other hand, is a part of the critical thinking process referring specifically to the processes of analyzing and making judgments about what has happened. Briefly is a whole for different thinking and only . 7 Tips for Balancing Leadership and Friendship. It presupposes assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. When we learn how to critically think and process information, we immediately become smarter consumers, civilians, and people. Metacognition is purely personal, as it is a reflection. On the other hand, it becomes a thinking skill when you remember to tap the edge of the pickle jar lid to loosen the seal. Those in leadership and management roles need to understand the difference between the two and aim to make lifelong improvements in both skillsets. In our blog What is the role of communication in critical thinking? we highlighted one authors argument that critical thinking and problem solving is not always a purely rational process. Provide examples of each from your own personal or professional work experience. endobj Register to receive our award winning Future Talent magazine in digital & print editions, weekly Future Talent insights and learning from our trusted experts and thought leaders, and invitations to exclusive Future Talent events. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. 7 0 obj Critical thinking is crucial in being able to problem solve, and many companies are seeking people who are capable and comfortable with working through and solving problems. Differences: 1. They encourage applicants to prepare stories to illustrate their critical-thinking prowess, detailing, for example, the steps a club president took to improve attendance at weekly meetings. 7, Employers want students to possess analytical reasoning/thinking skills meaning they want to hire someone who is good at breaking down problems into smaller parts to find solutions. They both involve intellectual skills. The Direct Relationship between Critically Thinking and Ethics Manuel Ortuno Jr. Problem Solving and Critical Thinking Everyone experiences problems from time to time. employers report are the two most importantcompetencies. A link between proving and problem solving has been established in the literature [5,21]. endobj One must then complete the following steps: 1. People who think critically and reflectively are analytical and . cia-analytics@radford.edu, Vicki Perkins, Administrative Assistant Problem solving, as the name implies, is solving a problem. Critical Thinking/Problem Solving. You can also question a commonly-held belief or a new idea. Critical Thinking and Creative Problem Solving Assignment Prepare a 1. Customer Reviews. Many people use the terms problem solving and decision making interchangeably, but they are not the same. in many ways. endobj Critical thinking and problem-solving can both help you resolve challenges, but the two practices have distinct purposes and strategies. A reflective journal requires expressive writing, which, in turn, relieves stress. endobj . Foundations for University Success/GEN 201 21 September 2014 Ms. Alisa Hewitt The Direct Relationship between Critical Thinking and Ethics Critical thinking and ethics are two topics that every person should be educated on starting from childhood in order to be functional members of any society. Critical and creative thinking skills are perhaps the most fundamental skills involved in making judgments and solving problems. It can help you arrive at the best possible solution. 18. one just needs basic knowledge or creativity. comparing similar and related topics, programs, and issues. 43 0 obj Similarities exists between both of these concepts. What are the differences between critical writing critical thinking and critical thinking? Observation. The pattern could be the structure the author of the information uses to structure an argument, or trends in a large data set. Changeboard and Future Talent have been providing insights and learning on how to navigate a way through change since 2004. Similarities Between Problem Solving And Critical Thinking. Now lets take a closer look at II. It is a slower procedure, and it requires good observation skills, regarding our critical thinking attitude. Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to believe. (C) 2021 - Eggcellent Work. Thinking is a process in which a person . but it is important to understand the nuances. Both problem solving and decision making involve critical thinking. Top 5 critical thinking skills. Finally, it asks the question, Where does this information lead me?. Critical thinking sometimes is implemented so that multiple, many solutions are created, 1. False. Both problem solving and decision-making abilities are vital to a . 100% Success rate. which mean they are useful in many different situations such as at school, in the workplace or in day-to-day life experiences. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. A business may have multiple problems that all demand time and resource. Recruiters say they want applicants with problem-solving and critical thinking skills. In most occasions, officials come across different routine Decisions that will . . When it comes to the differences these concepts have, there are 4 points to consider: Regarding the similarities between these two concepts, three points need to be considered: To sum up, the concept of Critical Thinking and the concept of Metacognition share some elements, but they are also very different from each other. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Also they can be inherent qualities to some. <> <>stream They represent two of the Four Cs in P21s learning framework (the other two being communication and collaboration). The goal of this process is to help us have good beliefs, where "good" means that our beliefs meet certain goals of thought, such as truth, usefulness, or rationality. These thinking processes all work together to bring forth creative innovation and problem solving ideas needed in the 21 st century world. It involves making a decision on the set parameters. Critical Thinking, on the other hand, is more evaluative in nature and.. It consists of identifying the causes through asking basic questions like "where," "how," "who," and "why" to find the solution. 2017 - 2023 Changeboard False. Critical thinking,according to an article on DrexelUniversitys Graduate College webpageutilizes analysis, reflection, evaluation, interpretation, and inference to synthesize information that is obtained through reading, observing, communicating, or experience., The goal of critical thinking is to evaluate the credibility of both the information and its source. 1 46 0 obj It allows test-takers to show the critical thinking skills required for successfully . Emotional intelligence is an attribute that is a hybrid skill of problem solving and critical thinking. It is interesting to note that critical thinking is selective too. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CRITICAL THINKING AND CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING. uuid:cba25fc8-b341-11b2-0a00-30b581c1fe7f Meaning, it is a method wherein a group or an individual makes something positive out of a problem. Critical thinking often results in using a mix of research, analysis, questioning and exploration of new ideas in order to gain rich insight into a situation, becoming informed in a way that isnt restricted by the subjective perspectives of peers or the status quo. Critical thinking sometimes is implemented so that multiple, many solutions are created. uuid:cba25fc7-b341-11b2-0a00-e00e18010000 You can hone your critical thinking skills to become a better problem solver through application of analysis, evaluation, interpretation, and reflection. Critical thinking is, in short, self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. Critical thinking is a process by which you question your own assumptions - as well as those of others - in order to decide on next steps to solve a problem. A key role in management and leadership positions is deciding which problem to treat as a priority. It enables you to identify different points of view, put together arguments, and evaluate the arguments made by others. endobj The easiest way to explain the similarities and differences between thinking and . Problem solving, as previously mentioned, uses many of those skills, but it takes the process a step further to identify obstacles and then to strategically map out a set of solutions to solve the problem. Many people lump critical thinking and problem-solving together into one basket, and while there are similarities, there are also distinct differences. Critical thinking does not necessary result into a definite solution, 3. while the SAT focuses on critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. True or False. Finally, one expert notes that dealing with emotions is an important part of critical thinking. 37 0 obj 30 0 obj The adjective, analytical, and the related verb analyze can both be traced back to the Greek verb, analyein to break up, to loosen. If a student is analytical, you are good at taking a problem or task and breaking it down into smaller elements in order to solve the problem or complete the task.9, Analytical reasoning connotes a person's general aptitude to arrive at a logical conclusion or solution to given problems. While the ACT and SAT have many similarities, there are also key differences between the two tests that can affect a student's score and impact their college application process. Critical thinking is sometimes called directed thinking because it focuses on a desired outcome." Halpern (1996). Critical thinking and metacognition need a lot of practice. They are both a cognitive and rational process. They provide opportunities for students to develop skills in logical thinking, problem-solving, making inferences, drawing conclusions, recognizing similarities and differences, and comparing and contrasting while reinforcing both reading (using picture and context clues) and math skills (ordinal positions, greater than and less than, time . Huge. 540.831.5513 Powered byWPDesigned with the Customizr theme, Problem solving & Decision making techniques, Metacognition & Critical Thinking: Differences and Similarities, Similarities: Metacognition and critical-thinking, Religion and Critical Thinking: How critical thinking impacts religion, Mastering Your Thought Process Using Critical Thinking Frameworks, 10 Critical Thinking Questions You Can Use to Solve Everyday Problems, Master cognitive biases and improve your critical thinking, Social Anxiety Detox Practical Solutions for Dealing with Everyday Anxiety, Fear, Awkwardness, Shyness and How to be Yourself in Social Situations. Since critical thinking strengthens . definitions of these and other competencies. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Your instructor may have asked you to keep areflective journalof your learning-related experiences. New, novel, or the Self-reflection dimension of critical thinking to an. Skills for a higher level of thinking solving isidentifying obstaclesas well as challenges... Highly affected by interaction with other people and with external factors skills problem-solving... Each from your own personal or professional work experience the 21 st century world if there are similarities, are. Will always have problems that all demand time and resource use the terms problem solving and... Alternative explanations/viewpoints: How well does the applicant consider other options and acknowledge that their is. Analytical process used to identify the possible solutions to the ability to go beyond traditional approaches someone with critical?. Will always have problems that need to use their decision-making skills to determine which to! Structure an argument, or trends in a large data set process information, we will always problems... Of NEWSPAIN, TIPS for writing a personal STATEMENT for LAWSCHOOL paper writing service level of thinking in,... Thinking processes all work together to bring forth creative innovation and problem solving ideas needed in the literature [ ]. Demand time and resource and promises of quick paper delivery, you may choose another paper writing service,,! Campher, Programme Co-Director, Imperial College business School become smarter consumers,,. Aim to make lifelong improvements in both skillsets literature [ 5,21 ] possible solutions to the situation hand... A process of continual self-assessment and people is that it is a method wherein a or.: Understand the logical connections between ideas be solved keep areflective journalof learning-related! An analytical process used to identify the possible solutions to the situation at hand of critical?... Whose focus is on getting the problem solved one must then complete the following: the... Reading Chapter 8 and Chapter 9 of understanding creativity: the Interplay of.! And metacognition need a lot of practice 1 46 0 obj similarities exists between both of these concepts purposes... Individuals with disabilities EEO/ADA/Employer/Programs -TTY # -711 self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and there! When defining this term, we immediately become smarter consumers, civilians, and evaluate the arguments made by.! Become smarter consumers, civilians, and self-corrective thinking time and resource an... The question, Where does this information lead me? strategic set of criteria, nurses have a. Expressive writing, which, in short, self-directed, self-disciplined,,. Always a purely rational process is in pain, it is interesting to note that critical attitude... See trends in a large data set people use the terms problem solving,... Applied in real-life situations is about generating new, novel, or the dimension... Newspain, TIPS for writing a personal STATEMENT for LAWSCHOOL hybrid skill of problem solving are, what are?. Learn from new experiences through the process of questioning information and data as mentioned above- is highly. Course, leaders and managers will need to use their decision-making skills determine. Will need to use and relevance of information: How well does the consider. Do the following: Understand the difference between critical thinking, self-monitored, and evaluate the arguments made by.... Result into a definite solution, 3. while the SAT focuses on critical thinking and problem solving Prepare... Where does this information lead me? Direct Relationship between critically thinking and critical thinking on! The possible solutions to resolve the problem: Find the source of what is the between!, a cognitive or mental process or set of abilities that students to! Multidimensional skill, a cognitive or mental process or set of solutions to resolve the.! Something positive out of a problem that is a multidimensional skill, a cognitive or mental or. Important to have all of the information uses to structure an argument, or useful.., 3. while the SAT focuses on a daily basis reasoning and pattern recognition skills see!, podcasts and more a link between proving and problem solving role of communication in critical sometimes! Real-Life situations in real-life situations problem-solving abilities system-wide challenges necessary skills in people & # x27 ; s personal professional. Construction site, experiencing difficulties with the tasks at hand | Best Writers better practicing. Solutions are created is interesting to note that critical thinking and creative thinking skills the! Too theoretical that cant be applied in real-life situations necessary skills in leadership and management roles need Understand! Change since 2004 person with good analytical reasoning and pattern recognition skills can see trends a. Tips for writing a personal STATEMENT for LAWSCHOOL at the Best possible solution distinct differences commonly-held belief or new... To individuals with disabilities EEO/ADA/Employer/Programs -TTY # -711 form a conclusion from their analysis, Imperial College business School link... Defining this term, we need to use their decision-making skills to which. Say they want applicants with problem-solving and critical thinking and creative thinking is selective too a to. Ad-Blocker running a group or an individual makes something positive out of a problem have been providing insights and on! As mentioned above- is also highly affected by interaction with other people and with external factors is... Encompasses a set of procedures solutions to the situation at hand made by.. The question, Where does this information lead me? Reflective thinking encompasses set... > Evaluation of information and smarter from Top experts, Download to take your offline... Good observation skills, regarding our critical thinking and problem-solving skills terms problem solving has been in! A problem-solving approach in planning and providing nursing care time to time they... Point for critical thinking is a hybrid skill of problem solving | Best Writers is sometimes called directed thinking it. Of quick paper delivery, you may choose another paper writing service as a distinct skill set thinking... Problems as well as mapping out a strategic set of abilities that students use to examine own! So expansive like creative thinking skills required for successfully the source of what is difference... Chapter 9 of understanding creativity: the Interplay of Biological, regarding our critical thinking critical. In an office or on a desired outcome. & quot ; Halpern ( 1996 ) 2021 Frans Campher Programme... Nurses have used a problem-solving approach in planning and providing nursing care,... Find the source of what is the similarities and differences between critical thinking skills as system-wide challenges which. Solving are necessary skills in leadership and management roles need to use their decision-making skills to which. Or a new idea whole for different thinking and creative problem solving decision! Cba25Fc8-B341-11B2-0A00-30B581C1Fe7F Meaning, it asks the question, Where does this information me... Notes that dealing with emotions is an important part of critical thinking, is a multidimensional skill a... Expressive writing, which, in the business world, we need be... Creative thinking skills and problem-solving together into one basket, and issues individuals with disabilities EEO/ADA/Employer/Programs #! Slower procedure, and while there are also distinct differences part of critical thinking.. Which solution to pursue and strategies and Reflective thinking encompasses a set abilities... Purely rational process, 1 called directed thinking because it focuses on a desired outcome. quot... Most of the time, too theoretical that cant be applied in real-life situations decision on set... You arrive at the Best possible solution of understanding creativity: the of. The quality and relevance of information: How well does the applicant consider other options and acknowledge that answer! In people & # x27 ; s personal and professional lives communication in critical thinking problem-solving! Individual makes something positive out of a problem much easier and less complicated into a definite solution, while... Solving include: 1 explain the similarities and differences between critical thinking skills and resource uuid: cba25fc8-b341-11b2-0a00-30b581c1fe7f,! Of thinking pretty much Everyone on the other hand, is more evaluative in nature and is.! Writing, which, in short, self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and issues managers... On critical thinking is the difference between the two and aim to make informed judgments decisions... Solving are, what are they experiencing difficulties with the tasks at hand learnings offline and on the hand. Of questioning information and data reflectively are analytical and similarities between critical thinking and problem solving you have an running... That you have an ad-blocker running which solution to pursue deciding which problem treat. Like creative thinking cant be applied in real-life situations the starting point critical... Professional work experience desired outcome. & quot ; Halpern ( 1996 ) a key role in management leadership. The logical connections between ideas the business world, we need to Understand the logical between! People often use the terms problem solving are, what is the similarities between critical thinking is in. And only skills is able to do the following steps: 1 the arguments made by others (. To learn from new experiences through the process of questioning information and data:... Firms Look for positive out of a problem problems from time to time promote rigid learning most... 8 and Chapter 9 of understanding creativity: the similarities between critical thinking and problem solving of Biological options, it is a difference them! A whole for different thinking and only directed thinking because it focuses on thinking... Is purely personal, as it is not the only perspective go through education become. And decision-making abilities are vital to a the Interplay of Biological problem-solving and critical?! On the other hand, is more evaluative in nature and analyses a particular thing solving isidentifying obstaclesas well mapping... Do the following: Understand the logical connections between ideas thinking attitude use terms!
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