Avoiding confrontation (unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is a different matter) and delivering results are key tactics. In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a They need little to no direction, and hence using Theory X may demotivate them and even damage personal and professional relationships between the manager and the team members. 1. Theory X managers assumes that "the average human being has an inherit dislike of work and will avoid it if he can" (McGregor, 1960, p 33) and because of this "most people must . Companies that want to remain relevant and agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt Theory Y premises in their culture. As part of this theory, managers must be able to motivate employees. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. Theory X and Theory Y: Which Enhances the Staffs Performance Better? This coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory was written and submitted by your fellow McGregor's Theory Y Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. A person who does not believe that he or she is likely to get something is likely to go against all odds. 5. Employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively. However, superior leaders in healthcare centers are expected to have excellent leadership qualities for quality work. Workers are willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work that they do. McGregor -Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor, an American psychologist, built upon earlier studies into the psychology of the workplace. Ideal for all companies CC licensed content, Specific attribution, Organizational Behavior and Human Relations, https://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.html, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introductiontobusiness/chapter/introduction-to-theory-x-theory-y-and-theory-z/, Differentiate between Theory X and Theory Y. Frederick Taylor. She notices that new employees become bored after about six months on the job. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. One day, she decides to compare the company's engagement data against the company's top competitor and shares the insights with her boss. If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. While money may not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only way available. T or F, Olivia loves her job as a software engineer. At the weekly management meeting, Dakota is recognized by his boss for a job well done on a recent project. Douglas McGregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. 2. 3. Instead of punishing the employee or associating a reward with work, the manager will allow them to collaborate with others and find solutions that fulfill the team members self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs. 3. The principles that guide our practices also demonstrate this alignment: There are also a bunch of practices that bring the assumptions of Theory Y into shape and form part of the context of teams. 2. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: According to McGregor, managers adopting Theory X assume that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs. 3. providing adequate incentives. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: This led them to use rewards and punishment as their primary means to motivate employees. Students are naturally predisposed to learn. However, if an employee fails to complete a task, the manager can punish them using a temporary suspension, a written warning, or a pay cut. Related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers? Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. 3. Herzberg's hygiene factors. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Leaders are people that organize and coordinate their followers towards the attainment of certain organizational goals. 3. an example of job enlargement. Facilitator Andr Cruz digs into it. 2. flextime. Esperanza decides to allow employees to work a variety of jobs to relieve the boredom. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. Please note, that they were not created by McGregor. D. a manager who meets Maslow's esteem needs of employees. 3. D)Herzberg's motivational factors. The commitment to achieving goals is a function of the rewards attributed to the success of the task. are not intrinsically motivated. Theory X Workers are eager to participate in decision-making. McGregor's theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, is a management approach proposed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise." The theory proposes two contrasting views of human behavior at work: Theory X assumes that employees are inherently unmotivated and need to be closely monitored and controlled in order to . Motivation and Improving Workplace Performance, Motivational Model: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, David Mcclelland - Achievement Motivation, Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (pdf), Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (doc version), Book onto our upcoming leadership webinar sessions here, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, CMI Level 3 in Principles of Management and Leadership, CMI Level 6 in Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 7 in Strategic Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 8 in Strategic Direction and Leadership Practice, CMI/ILM Level 3 Team Leader or Supervisor, CMI/ILM Level 5 Operations or Departmental Manager, Frederick Herzberg Background Information, The Development of Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. 4. the traditional view of management. The next part of McGregors theory is Theory Y. 4. when two people do one job. 2. 1. supervision You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. If an employee is not motivated, the manager will provide the employee with more responsibility and authority. Business Studies. This empirical study examined the relationships between health care employees' perceptions of (1) manager Theory Y and Theory X orientations; (2) work unit psychological . 2. self-actualization needs Wed love your input. Morale. Does the team not understand the work? Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. 1. Expectancy theory. 1. Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is Theory X and Theory Y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation. Theory X . Managers have many assumptions about their employees in Theory X: Many of these assumptions are based on basic physical needs. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. In fact, there are very few persons who exactly correspond with Theory 'X' or Theory 'Y' assumptions. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are offered flextime. Theory Z was first described by: 3. Behavior modification. Using either theory is an extreme style of management. 1. Still, in terms of motivation and engagement, Theory Y seeks and relies on extrinsic motivations. They are popularly known as 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. As a result, they focus on coercing and controlling their employees with punishment to get them to work toward achieving the company's objectives. 4. For this reason, HR must enable, together with everyone in a company, a new look at people and their relationships, adopting assumptions that are more appropriate to the moment and this new workforce. 4. job rotation. 2. self-actualization needs 1. ignore his employee's needs for personal growth. IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. 5. flextime. Herzberg's motivational factors. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. How to apply Theory X and Y in the workplace. In a strict environment with little autonomy, workers were indeed unhappy and lacking ambition. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. 3. the average worker has little ambition. This arrangement is called: Theory Y takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory X does not. B. the humanistic view of management. 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. Systems based on rewards and punishments can generate dangerous side effects, such as lack of innovation, harmful competitiveness, and unethical behavior on the part of the team. Is there an internal conflict between team members? The theory can lead to managers becoming lazy, as they can delegate and decentralize all work to their subordinates in the name of transferring authority. We can cite A Theory of Human Motivation, published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies. Managers with Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. Theory X stands for the set of traditional beliefs held, while Theory-Y stands for the set of beliefs based on researchers in behavioral science which are concerned with modern social views on the man at work. Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. By managing the system and not the people, trusting them to achieve better results, we materialize the assumptions of this theory. level needs as well as physiological and security needs. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. 3. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. McGregor's X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. 5. intrinsic need. 2. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. ________ states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it. Employees might exploit their decision-making power by bringing in personal interests over organizational goals. Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this theory, as managers believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. 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